First record of the alien sponge Paraleucilla magna (Family Amphoriscidae) on the Moroccan Mediterranean coast

Abstract

The alien calcareous sponge Paraleucilla magna Klautau, Monteiro & Borojevic, 2004 was detected for the first time in Morocco, which represents an important contribution to the understanding of alien species in the region. The species was recorded at aquaculture facilities in Amsa and M’diq during February and March 2024. Specimens were found at depths ranging from 1 to 4 meters, cohabiting with the Mytilus galloprovincialis on artificial hard substrates. Numerous individuals ranging in size from 1 cm to 4 cm were observed. The introduction of P. magna into Moroccan waters is likely due to biofouling on aquaculture facilities and vessels, which is consistent with its spread in other Mediterranean areas. This finding enhances our knowledge of its biogeographical distribution and ecological impact in the Mediterranean and underscores the importance of monitoring its proliferation and potential effects on local ecosystems.