On the record of pug-headedness in snapper, Pagrus auratus (Forster, 1801) (Perciformes, Sparidae) from New Zealand

Abstract

          Pug-headedness in the snapper Pagrus auratus is reported for the first time from New Zealand, based on a specimen (aged 2+) collected from Whangarei Harbour. Severe damage to the underlying bones of the mouth and snout regions was noted. The mouth of the specimen was virtually closed. Several factors were attributed to the cause of these anomalies among which are genetic and epigenetic causes.